1-Chronicles - 3:1



1 Now these were the sons of David, who were born to him in Hebron: the firstborn, Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; the second, Daniel, of Abigail the Carmelitess;

Verse In-Depth

Explanation and meaning of 1-Chronicles 3:1.

Differing Translations

Compare verses for better understanding.
Now these were the sons of David, that were born unto him in Hebron: the first-born, Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; the second, Daniel, of Abigail the Carmelitess;
Now these were the sons of David that were born to him in Hebron: the firstborn Amnon of Achinoam the Jezrahelitess, the second Daniel of Abigail the Carmelitess.
And these are the sons of David, who were born to him in Hebron: the firstborn, Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jizreelitess; the second, Daniel, of Abigail the Carmelitess;
Now these were David's sons, whose birth took place in Hebron: the oldest Amnon, by Ahinoam of Jezreel; the second Daniel, by Abigail the Carmelite woman;
Truly, David had these sons, who were born to him in Hebron: the firstborn Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelite; the second Daniel, from Abigail the Carmelite;

*Minor differences ignored. Grouped by changes, with first version listed as example.


Historical Commentaries

Scholarly Analysis and Interpretation.

The sons of David - The writer returns to the point at which he had left the posterity of Ram 1-Chronicles 2:9, 1-Chronicles 2:15, and traces out the family of David - the royal house of the tribe of Judah.
Daniel - See the marginal note and reference.
There are three lists of the sons of David, born in Jerusalem.
2-Samuel 5:14-16 1-Chronicles 3:5-8 1-Chronicles 14:4-7 1. Shammuah Shimeah* Shammuah 2. Shobab Shobab Shobab 3. Nathan Nathan Nathan 4. Solomon Solomon Solomon 5. Ibhar Ibhar Ibhar 6. Elishua Elishama* Elishua 7. a Eliphelet* Elpalet* 8. a Nogah Nogah 9. Nepheg Nepheg Nepheg 10. Japhia Japhia Japhia 11. Elishama Elishama Elishama 12. Eliada Eliada Beeliada* 13. Eliphelet Eliphelet Eliphelet (Differences are marked with an asterick).
A comparison of the three lists serves to show:
(1) that "Shimeah" and the first "Elishama" in the list of this chapter are corruptions;
(2) that David had really 13 sons born in Jerusalem, of whom two - the first Eliphelet and Nogah - probably died in their childhood; and
(3) that Eliada, the twelfth son, was also called Beeliada, the term Baal, "lord," not having (previous to the introduction of the Baal worship) a bad sense, but being regarded as an equivalent with El, "God."

The second, Daniel - In 2-Samuel 3:3, this person is called Chileab; he probably had two names. The Targum says, "The second, Daniel, who was also called Chileab, because he was in every respect like to his father." The Targumist refers here to the import of the word כלאב ke-le-ab, like to the father. Jarchi says the two names were given to this person because David, having taken Abigail immediately after the death of Nabal, it could not be ascertained whether this child were the son of David or of Nabal, therefore David called him דניאל Daniel, God is my Judge, and כלאב Chileab, he who is like to the father; probably from the striking resemblance he bore to David, his reputed father. "God is my Judge, I have not fathered another man's child; this is entirely like unto myself.

Now these were the sons of (a) David, which were born unto him in Hebron; the firstborn Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; the second (b) Daniel, of Abigail the Carmelitess:
(a) He returns to the genealogy of David, to show that Christ came from his stock.
(b) Who in (2-Samuel 3:3) is called Chileab, born of her that was Nabal's wife the Carmelite.

Now these were the sons of David,.... The six following born in Hebron, who are reckoned in the same order as in 2-Samuel 3:2, only here the second son is called Daniel, who there goes by the name of Chileab; he had two names, the reason of which see there; and here David's wife, Eglah, is said in the Targum to be Michal, Saul's daughter; see Gill on 2-Samuel 3:5, to which is added an account of his reign both in Hebron and Jerusalem, agreeably to 2-Samuel 5:5.

Of all the families of Israel, none were so illustrious as the family of David: here we have a full account of it. From this family, as concerning the flesh, Christ came. The attentive observer will perceive that the children of the righteous enjoy many advantages.

SONS OF DAVID. (1-Chronicles 3:1-9)
Now these were the sons of David, which were born unto him in Hebron--It is of consequence for the proper understanding of events in the domestic history of David, to bear in mind the place and time of his sons' birth. The oldest son, born after his father's accession to the sovereign authority, is according to Eastern notions, the proper heir to the throne. And hence the natural aspirations of ambition in Ammon, who was long unaware of the alienation of the crown, and could not be easily reconciled to the claims of a younger brother being placed above his own (see on 2-Samuel 3:1-5).

The sons and descendants of David. - After the enumeration of the chief families of the two sons of Hezron, Caleb and Jerahmeel, in 1 Chron 2:18-55, the genealogy of Ram the second son of Hezron, which in 1-Chronicles 2:10-17 was only traced down to Jesse, the father of the royal race of David, is in 1 Chron 3 again taken up and further followed out. In 1-Chronicles 3:1-9 all the sons of David are enumerated; in 1-Chronicles 3:10-16, the line of kings of the house of David from Solomon to Jeconiah and Zedekiah; in 1-Chronicles 3:17-21, the descendants of Jeconiah to the grandsons of Zerubbabel; and finally, in 1-Chronicles 3:22-24, other descendants of Shechaniah to the fourth generation.

*More commentary available at chapter level.


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