1-Chronicles - 4:4



4 and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem.

Verse In-Depth

Explanation and meaning of 1-Chronicles 4:4.

Differing Translations

Compare verses for better understanding.
And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah, the father of Bethlehem.
and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephrathah, the father of Beth-lehem.
And Phanuel the father of Gedor, and Ezar the father of Hosa, these are the sons of Hur the firstborn of Ephratha the father of Bethlehem.
and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Beth-lehem.
And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephratah, the father of Beth-lehem.
And Penuel, the father of Gedor, and Ezer, the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the oldest son of Ephrathah, the father of Beth-lehem.
and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur the first-born of Ephrath, the father of Beth-lehem.
Now Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratha, the father of Bethlehem.

*Minor differences ignored. Grouped by changes, with first version listed as example.


Historical Commentaries

Scholarly Analysis and Interpretation.

And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These [are] the sons of Hur, the (b) firstborn of Ephratah, the father of Bethlehem.
(b) The first born of his mother, and not the eldest of his father.

And Penuel the father of Gedor,.... The prince of that place, according to some, and the same with Hareph, 1-Chronicles 2:51,
and Ezer the father of Hushah: thought to be the same with Shuah, 1-Chronicles 4:11,
these are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah: Caleb's wife, 1-Chronicles 2:19 the Targum adds, the same with Miriam; and so other Jewish writers (x) say, Miriam had two names, and one was Ephratah; though Josephus makes (y) Hur to be her husband, and not her son, as here:
who was the father of Bethlehem; of the inhabitants of that city, at least part of them, or prince of that place, as his grandson Salma also was, 1-Chronicles 2:51.
(x) Shemot Rabba, sect. 1. fol. 90. 4. Yalkut in 1 Chron. ii. 19. (y) Antiqu. l. 3. c. 2.

Penuel, in Genesis 32:31., Judges 8:8, name of a place in the East-Jordan land, as here, and in Judges 8:25 the name of a man. Gedor is, we may suppose, the town of that name in the mountains of Judah, which is still to be found in the ruin Jedur (see on Joshua 15:58). Penuel is here called father of Bedor, while in 1-Chronicles 4:18 one Jered is so called, whence we must conclude that the inhabitants of Gedor were descended from both. Ezer (Help) occurs in 1-Chronicles 7:21; 1-Chronicles 12:9; Nehemiah 3:19, of other men; father of Hushah, i.e., according to the analogy of Abi-Gedor, also the name of a place not elsewhere mentioned, where the hero Sibbecai had his birth, 1-Chronicles 11:29; 2-Samuel 23:27. Those thus named in 1-Chronicles 4:3 and 1-Chronicles 4:4 are sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephratah (1-Chronicles 2:19), the father of Bethlehem. The inhabitants of Bethlehem then, according to this, were descended from Hur through his son Salma, who is called in 1-Chronicles 2:51 father of Bethlehem. The circumstance, too, that in our 1-Chronicles 4:3, 1-Chronicles 4:4 other names of persons are enumerated as descendants of Hur than those given in 1-Chronicles 2:50-55 gives rise to no discrepancy, for there is no ground for the supposition that in 1-Chronicles 2:50-55 all the descendants of Hur have been mentioned.

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