*Minor differences ignored. Grouped by changes, with first version listed as example.
Show me the tribute-money. When Christ orders them to bring forward a coin, though at first sight it appears to be of no great importance, yet it is sufficient for breaking their snares. In this way they had already made an acknowledgment of subjection, so that Christ did not find it necessary to enjoin upon them any thing new. The coin was stamped with Caesar's likeness; and thus the authority of the Roman government had been approved and admitted by the general practice. Hence it was evident that the Jews themselves had voluntarily come under obligation to pay tribute for they had given up to the Romans the power of the sword; [1] and there was no propriety in making a separate dispute about the tribute-money, for that question depended on the general arrangements of the government.
1 - "Pource qu'ils avoyent laissé usurper aux Romains la souveraine puissance;" -- "because they had allowed the Romans to usurp the supreme power."
The tribute-money - The money in which the tribute was paid.
This was a Roman coin. The tribute for the temple service was paid in the Jewish shekel; that for the Roman government in foreign coin. Their having that coin about them, and using it, was proof that they themselves held it lawful to pay the tribute; and their pretensions, therefore, were mere hypocrisy.
A penny - A Roman denarius, worth about 14 cents =7d (circa 1880's).
They brought unto him a penny - A denarius: probably the ordinary capitation tax, though the poll tax in the law, Exodus 30:13, Exodus 30:14, was half a shekel, about twice as much as the denarius. The Roman denarius had the emperor's image with a proper legend stamped on one side of it. It was not therefore the sacred shekel which was to be paid for the repairs of the temple which was now demanded, but the regular tribute required by the Roman government.
Shew me the tribute money. And they brought unto him a (l) penny.
(l) Before (Matthew 17:24) there is mention made of a didrachma, and here of a penny, whereas a didrachma is more by the seventh part then a penny: so that there seems to be an inconsistency in these two places: but they may easily be reconciled in this way: The penny was paid to the Romans for tribute, according to the proportion they were rated at, and the drachma was payed by everyone to the Temple, which also the Romans took to themselves when they had subdued India.
Shew me the tribute money,.... Not any money, or any sort of coin that was current among them; but that in which the tribute was usually paid, which was Roman money: and they brought unto him a penny; not as, being what was the usual sum that was paid for tribute at one time, but as a sample of what sort of money it was paid in, in Roman pence; one of which was seven pence halfpenny of our money.
Shew me the tribute money. The Roman coin was used to pay the poll-tax.
A penny. The Roman denarius, a silver coin worth sixteen cents. It had on it the image and name of Tiberius CÃ&brvbr;sar.
*More commentary available at chapter level.