*Minor differences ignored. Grouped by changes, with first version listed as example.
Salute every saint in Christ Jesus - It was usual for him also to close his epistles with affectionate salutations to various members of the churches to which he wrote. These salutations are generally specific, and mention the names, particularly if prominent members of the churches; see the close of the Epistles to the Romans; 1-Corinthians; Colossians, and 2-Timothy. In this Epistle, however, as in some others, the salutation in general. Why none are specified in particular is not certainly known.
The brethren which are with me - The word "brethren" here probably refers to ministers that were with Paul as the "saints" in general are mentioned in the next verse. It is possible that at Rome the ministers were known by the general name of "the brethren" - Pierce.
Salute every saint - Remember to present my affectionate wishes to every Christian at Philippi.
The brethren which are with me - Those who were fellow laborers with him, generally supposed to be Aristarchus, Mark, Justus, Epaphras, Luke, and Demas. See the end of the epistles to the Colossians, (Colossians 4:17 (note) and to Philemon (Plm 1:25 (note)).
Salute every saint in Christ Jesus,.... Meaning at Philippi, whether rich or poor, lesser or greater believers, common saints, as well as the officers of the church, bishops and deacons; who were in Christ by electing grace, and as their covenant head, and representative from everlasting, and which was manifested and made known by their conversion and the effectual calling:
the brethren which are with me greet you; such as Timothy; see Philippians 2:19; and Epaphras, Marcus, Aristarchus, Demas, and Lucas; see Plm 1:23; he makes no mention of Peter anywhere, when he writes from Rome or to it, which shows he was not there then, or a bishop of that place, as the Papists say.
Salute every saint--individually.
greet--salute you.
The brethren which are with me--Perhaps Jewish believers are meant (Acts 28:21). I think Philippians 2:20 precludes our thinking of "closer friends," "colleagues in the ministry" [ALFORD]; he had only one close friend with him, namely, Timothy.
Salute every saint. Where he knew so many he could not single out individuals for special greetings, but salutes all.
The brethren which are with me. Such brethren as Timothy and other fellow-laborers, who were now in Rome.
Chiefly. Especially. The class next named send special greetings.
Of CÃ&brvbr;sar's household. Amid the vast number who dwelt in the palace as immediate attendants of the emperor, amounting to hundreds and perhaps thousands, there were some who had become Christians. What was their condition in life is a matter of conjecture. Philippi was a colony (Acts 16:12), a sort of outlying suburb of Rome, populated with Roman citizens. Hence it is possible that these would have friends in the Philippian church, who would know well who were meant, and to them they send special greetings.
*More commentary available at chapter level.